The Checklist

C++ Basics

• Introduction to C++

  C++ is one of the world's most popular programming language. It was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup, as an extension to the C language which provides object-oriented features and security to the data which was absent in C language. It is portable also and can be used to develop applications that can be adapted to multiple platforms.

• Variables and Data Types

  Variables in C++ are used to store values in memory, while data types define the kind and size of data a variable can hold. Common data types include int, float, double, and String, among others.

  int age = 30;
  float marks = 45.90;
  double price = 19.99;
  String name = "Amit Aryan";
  

  Copy
• Operators

  Operators are symbols that perform operations on variables and values.
  Operators in C++ can be classified into 6 types:
  1. Arithematic Operators
  2. Assignment Operators
  3.Relational Operators
  4. Logical Operators
  5. Bitwise Operators
  6. Other Operators
  These are essential for manipulating data and making decisions in your programs.

  int a = 10 + 20;
  int b = 5 - 1;
  int result = 6 * 2; 
  

  Copy
• Control Structures

  Control structures like if-else, switch, and loops (for, while, do-while) help in controlling the flow of your C++ programs, allowing you to make decisions and repeat actions as needed.

  if (condition) {
  // Code to execute when the condition is true
  } else {
  // Code to execute when the condition is false
  }
  

  Copy
• Functions (Methods)

  Functions (methods) are reusable blocks of code that perform specific tasks. They improve code organization and make it easier to maintain and understand.

            void myFunction(){
              // code to be executed
             }
  

  Copy
• Arrays

  Arrays are used to store multiple values of the same type in C++. They are fundamental for working with collections of data.

  int[] numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
  

  Copy
• Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

  Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a paradigm in C++ that focuses on creating objects and classes. This concept helps in organizing and modeling real-world entities.

            class MyClass {       
              public:             
                int myNum;       
                 string myString;  
  };
  

  Copy
• Inheritance

  Inheritance allows one class (subclass or derived class) to inherit attributes and methods from another class (superclass or base class). It facilitates code reuse and extensibility.

            class Vehicle {  // Base class
              public:
                  string brand = "Ford";
                  void honk() {
                  cout << "Tuut, tuut! \n" ;
                }
            };
            
            class Car: public Vehicle {  // Derived class
              public:
                  string model = "Mustang";
            };
            
            int main() {
              Car myCar;
              myCar.honk();
              cout << myCar.brand + " " + myCar.model;
              return 0;
            }
  

  Copy
• Polymorphism

  Polymorphism enables objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass. This promotes flexibility and dynamic method invocation in C++ programs.

            class Animal {  // Base class
              public:
                void animalSound() {
                  cout << "The animal makes a sound \n";
                }
            };
            
            class Pig : public Animal {  // Derived class
              public:
                void animalSound() {
                  cout << "The pig says: wee wee \n";
                }
            };
            
            class Dog : public Animal { // Derived class
              public:
                void animalSound() {
                  cout << "The dog says: bow wow \n";
                }
            };
  

  Copy